The Real Meaning of E=mc²



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You’ve probably known OF E=mc² since you were born, and were also probably told that it meant that it proved Mass equaled Energy, or something along those lines. BUT WAIT. Was E=mc² explained to you properly? Mass equalling energy is mostly true, but E=mc² actually describes a much more interesting, and frankly mind-blowing aspect of reality that likely wasn’t covered in your high school physics class. Join Gabe on this week’s episode of PBS Space Time he discusses THE TRUE MEANING OF E=mc²

Extra Credit:

Einstein’s 1905 E=mc^2 paper (English translation):

(more modern notation)

Veritasium: Your Mass is NOT From the Higgs Boson

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Ryan Brown

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35 Comments

  1. Why didn't it occur to you that it might be a good idea to tell us from the get go what E stands for, what M stands for and what C stands for? The first two I can sort of overlook because you could argue that it's obvious. But to assume that everyone watching this just knows what C is? C'mon.

  2. Einstein's inertial mass (Eo/c2) is used to form E = mc2.

    "IT is clear from our previous considerations that the (special) theory of relativity has grown out of electrodynamics and optics." (Einstein, § 15).

    "Hence we can say: If a body takes up an amount of energy Eo, then its inertial mass increases by an amount Eo/c2 " (Einstein, § 15).

    The absorption of a photon by a body was said to increase the inertial mass (Eo/c2) of an object which was used to depict the quantization of Maxwell’s electromagnetic field into a photon but the absorption of a massless photon by a body does not increase the mass of an object; consequently, m = 0 and E = mc2 = 0. The energy-momentum,

    E2 = (mc2)2 + (pc)2…………………………………………..36

    is used to justify Einstein’s energy equation E = mc2 where the photon rest mass (m = 0) forms,

    E = pc = hc/λ = hγ…………………………………………..37

    But the term m = 0 that formed E = pc (equ 37) produces E = mc2 = 0. In addition, the photon energy (hγ) is represented with the units of the kinetic energy (g . m2 / s2 ) since h = 6.55 x 10-27 erg . s and erg = g . m2 / s2 yet a photon is massless. Compton's photon momentum (p = h/λ) was used to justify Planck’s photon energy equation hγ but a radiometer does not function in a vacuum. Crookes (1873) radiometer was used to justify the photon momentum but the Cookes radiometer is an open system (fig 12). Nichols' (1901) radiometer was used to justify Compton's photon momentum but Nichols radiometer is also an open system (fig 13). The NASA Solar Sail (ACS3) is used to justify the photon momentum but the negative result of the radiometer in vacuum proves the NASA solar sail is fictional. Plus, Einstein’s energy equation E = mc2 is a systemic problem since, in modern physics, the electric (m ⋅ kg ⋅ s-3 ⋅ A-1) and magnetic (kg ⋅ s-2 ⋅ A-1) fields are represented with the unit of mass (kg) yet electromagnetic fields are massless; consequently, massless photons can produce a force or momentum which voids Einstein’s energy equation E = mc2.

  3. E=mc²は記憶の正体。思考の圧縮。思考を言葉にするか絵形にするか。Eが思考でmが言葉や絵形でcは色。
    思考の濃度。鮮明集中圧縮重力記憶のからくり。
    電荷(思考)の反発力をうまく利用して固い柔らかいを創り出している。

  4. E_total² = (pc)² + (m₀c²)² + (S·Ω)² + (τ·ℏ)² + (γ·ℏω)² + (R·ℏ)²

    Where:

    Term Meaning Domain

    E_total Total energy All domains

    pc Momentum energy Special Relativity

    m₀c² Rest mass energy Special Relativity

    S·Ω Spin-orbit coupling energy Quantum, neutron stars, black holes

    τ·ℏ Torsion energy Frame-dragging, Kerr metric

    γ·ℏω Berry phase energy Holonomy, Hawking radiation

    R·ℏ Ratchet locking energy Topological deadlock, 3π/2 threshold

  5. E = mc² 是一个描述质量态物质普遍结构位置势能的方程。

    你常听到科学界里面讲E=mc²表现的是一个质-能转换关系。又把它拿出来作为人工可控聚合能装置的理论依据之一。这是一个滥用数学和低级的物理学基本概念错误和逻辑错误。

    1. 一个数学表达式所能够表现的只是数量关系,而不是性质关系。数学是是一个工具学科,它是用来表达事物的数量逻辑关系的。而物质的性质关系只能由相关的本体科学来解释。

    E=mc²所表达的意思是:一个量子m所携带的运动能量E是这个量子的质量m与这个量子的运动量c²的乘积。或者说一个量子m所蕴含的结构能量E是这个量子的质量m与这个量子的相当于运动量c²的乘积的结构势能。其中c²表示的是量子内部的复合运动形成的振动运动量。

    2. 物理学的基本概念之一就是:质量是不可改变的,能量只是质量存在的状态,而质量存在的状态与它存在的本体 —— 质量之间是不能够发生任何相互转换的关系的。

    这样的基本的概念,我们应该把它当作自然规律来对待.不然每一句话,每一个讨论,最后都把这些基本问题重新争论重新解释一番,那么科学的讨论就无法进行,科学就无法进步.

  6. This was the clearest explanation of how ridiculously stupid E=Mc2 actually is.
    To say that E = M is obsurd.
    M = M period.
    M x V = kE or inertial force

    While there is a certain amount of internal energy to any singular object ( particle ), increasing that energy does not increase its mass.
    If E=Mc2 were true, than a heated singular object would become heavier, or gain mass due to E increasing, this doesn't happen.
    The VOLUME of a heated compound object ( molecule ) can change due to an increase in E, but its mass is still the same just spread out over a distance, hence volume.
    Density ( volume ) and Mass are 2 different things.
    If you excite an electron, the electron does not change Mass or Weight, it simply gains internal inertial energy.

    Volume = compound Mass x Energy ( thermal expansion / cooling)
    Kinetic energy = Mass x Velocity

    So E has absolutely nothing to do with the mass of an object, but it can effect the volume ( displacement ) of a compound mass.
    A singular object ( particle ) does contain internal energy ( angular velocity ) but its mass does not increase by feeding it additional energy, only its internal angular momentum will increase.

    Only the directional velocity of an singular object contributes to its kinetic energy, which does not effect its mass or internal energy.

    ALSO, "Photons" are NOT massless, and E does not give them mass either.
    "Photons" are individual QUANTA of Aether, directionalized.
    Each individual quanta of Aether has a set mass, and a set amount or energy and torque ( power ), and when enough quanta of Aether are directionally aimed ( Z axis polar alignment ) at a compound object ( molecule ) their Kinetic energy can dislodge particles due to this Kinetic energy between 2 colliding masses ( photo-electric effect )..

    Everything wrong with modern day physics is represented by E=Mc2

  7. So.. just doing a little thought experiment here.. Raising the hammer causes the effect of gravity to decrease, per Newton’s law. But it simultaneously increases the strength of the gravitational interaction between hammer and earth – because of the increased mass. On a different note, if the strong force binds quarks, doesn’t that constrain energy in kind of the same way a tank contains compressed air? The strong force in a quark should set up an environment that compels light to slow down. But light doesn’t change speed, so space stretches instead. Mass displaces space. Gravity, therefore, is the product of a space density gradient. The earth, by virtue of its mass, creates a region of low density space. Everything around it, including you and me, contains high density space which rushes in to fill an unfillable gap. The acceleration we feel is mass remaining stationary in defiance of the space density gradient, like a rag doll caught in a storm drain. Time to trade the bowling ball on the trampoline for a boat passing over a gas vent in the ocean floor. This also explains why time slows down. At a given speed with respect to dense space, it takes longer to cross stretched space. A fast-moving frame of reference will do the same thing. The increased kinetic energy causes an increase in mass, which stretches space that much further.

  8. so E=mac^2 is saying that mass can be truned into energy and mass is real so if you take 1kg that's mass atom mass mass is 100% real 1kg can be truned into 9*10^16J of energy that's 1kg so it is NONE MOVING mass

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